Utilitarianism And John Stuart Mill - Free Essay Example

According to John Stuart Mill, utility or the greatest happiness principle holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Mills 99). He believes the choice that will generate the greatest good for the greatest number would be the most ethical. Utilitarianism revolves around human happiness and pleasures and the avoidance of pain. Morally, an action is accurate if it leads to the right way of behaving in a certain situation for choosing the alternative that is likely to produce the greatest overall good. From a utilitarianism standpoint, the ethical thing to do in the situation for Jim is to simply go with the option of shooting one of these Indians with the intention of saving the lives of nineteen individuals. If Jim chooses the route of shooing the Indian, he will, for the most part, cause pleasure for nineteen individuals and their families. If he refuses to shoot the Indian and all twenty die, he will cause pain for twenty people and bring pain to all of their families. According to Mills and utilitarianism, it will be better to bite the bullet and take the loss of the one individual over the loss of the entire group. Though, it could be objected that this is still immoral. Killing an individual is still unethical irrespective of the reason. At first, the choice seems clear to shoot the one Indian to let the others go free, but the answer is much more complicated than that. The moral beliefs of an individual are inconsistent. Some people might argue that it would be better to choose the one individual and choose this path without hesitation. Others would argue that it would be best to rid themselves of guilt by not committing any crimes themselves. Others still would argue that by doing nothing would make them guilty by association. There is no one right or wrong answer to the question because everyones belief of ?morally right is different. There is no single path that is clearer in this case since we cannot comprehend the ethical values of each individual. Secondly, the given case is grounded on complex ethical conditions; from an ethical standpoint, the answer looks obvious. Jim is presented with a decision to decide whether it is better to kill one person or allow more than one person to die. Certainly, it is easier to see how awful the outcome would be if twenty individuals are to be murdered when Jim could potentially prevent so much pain but does Jim really have the power here or do the captain and the henchman? The truth is, if Jim chooses to kill one of the Indians, he is allowing the captain and the henchman to persuade him to commit a crime he does not want to commit. He would be allowing someone to turn him into a murderer. If Jim refuses to kill one of the Indians, he is choosing the morally right path because no matter who kills the one Indian, the henchman or Jim, the action is horrendous and morally wrong. Therefore, Jim should choose to not kill the Indian and stay out of the situation completely. I think he should stand up to the captain and maybe hope that this act of defiance could lead to the captain changing his mind about this situation altogether. If he stands up to them and tries to persuade them that the act of killing twenty innocent individuals will do nothing to solve the problem of the Indians revolting against the government. He may, in turn, get killed himself, but at least he would not be facilitating situation and committing a crime himself. In conclusion, utilitarianism is based on the belief ethical decisions should be made in regard to helping people and as opposed to harming them. People with the highest moral value lead the most ethical lives. Therefore, as long as you keep the needs of others in mind in every decision utility can always be reached.

A Globalized Economy - Free Essay Example

Globalization is not only a concept of economic but also it is social, cultural and political developments that is a multidimensional way. In economic terms it is noteworthy that these three dimensions of globalization: trade globalization, financial globalization and the globalization of production. The globalization of production refers to the tendency among firms to source goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land, and capital). By doing so, companies hope to lower their overall cost structure and/or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering, thereby allowing them to compete more effectively. For example the Boeing Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commercial ,the 777, airliners. It includes 132500 important component parts which are produced by 545 suppliers around the world. 8 Japanese suppliers make components for the fuselage, and wings; a supplier in Singapore makes the doors for the nose landing gear; 3 suppliers in Italy manufacture wing flaps; and it continues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Globalization of production has a lot of benefits. The first one is access lower-cost workers. Global production activities allow companies to reduce overall production costs through access to low-cost labor. For decades, companies located their factories in low-wage nations to churn out all kinds of goods, including toys, small appliances, inexpensive electronics, and textiles. Yet whereas mov ing production to low-cost locales traditionally meant production of goods almost exclusively, it increasingly applies to the production of services such as accounting and research. Although most services must be produced where they are consumed, some services can be performed at remote locations where labor costs are lower. And the second one is access technical expertise. Companies also produce goods and services abroad to benefit from technical know-how. And the last one is access production inputs. Globalization of production allows companies to access resources that are unavailable or more costly at home. The quest for natural resources draws many companies into international markets. Japan, for example, is a small, densely populated island nation with very few natural resources of its ownà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ especially forests. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (The Globalization of Production and the Changing Benefits of Conquest Journal of Conflict ResolutionOctober 199943:6 46-670) Management has a big importance in International Business. Nowadays, firms are looking for high skilled managers who have got skill to manage on the entire world. Because firms do not want to produce for just their people. Firms have started to mergent with each other to earn a lot of money, to reduce costs, to make more profit. So if the firms are managed well by high-skilled management then these collaborations will survive longer. Also a firm managed well, has a huge capital and reputation. For example KoÃÆ' § Company is managed by high-skill managers and as we know KoÃÆ' § Company is the biggest company in Turkey then others also in terms of globalization of production. ANSWER 2 Culture is the most important concept in International Business. Production is determined according to peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs. When we look at production in the countries have cultural differences, many countries demand different production from each other. Especially, dif ferences between Western culture and Eastern Culture obviously indicate in terms of International Business. Basis issue in Turkey, pork does not eaten by Turkish people. Thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s why Islam Culture banned it. So companies which produce pork and production of pork do not want to produce or run a factory etc. First, Geert Hofstede who is Dutch academist studied on cultural differences and organization cultural. He examined the countries on the axis of power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/feminity, uncertainty avoidance, long term/ short term. Power distance emphasis on the relationship size of the weak in society, with a strong. He divided the power distance in high power distance and low power distance. High power distance is seen in Asian countries. They accept those poor and not question authority. Obey the hierarchy. Low power distance is seen in European countries. Where the countries exist low power distance, weak people expect more democratic and egalitarian relationships. And the second one is individualism/collectivism. Individualism, the size is how they define themselves members of the culture is interested. In collectivism, people in collectivist cultures tend to describe themselves as a part of their families or their communities feel important. Third one is masculinity/feminity. It distributions of roles between genders. In masculine culture individuals keep in the forefront power and success. But in feminine culture, individuals keep in the forefront happiness and peace rather than power and success. Fourth one is uncertainty avoidance. In high uncertainty avoidance society, individuals want more clear rules. Moreover in low uncertainty avoidance society, rules are flexible do not bother individuals. And the last one is long term/short term orientation. Long-term, values of thrift and perseverance. Short-term, values of respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations saving à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"faceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â €ž ¢. Second, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a cultural orientations framework that identified six issues, with variations in each one: relation to nature, relationships among people, mode of human activity, belief about basic human nature, orientation to time, and use of space. Kluckhohn-Strodbeck and Hoftstede frameworks are very convenient to understand subcultural in terms of International Business perspective. If the frameworks use efficiently, international firms can provide to keep in touch with their employees more easily. Every person in the company can communicate with the other persons and this situation has a most important for business productivity. ANSWER 3 Political economy was the original term used for studying production and trade, and their relations with law,custom, and government, as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth. It has a big importance in economic developments. Because countries always connect with each other. Their l aws, their governmental works determine the trade and trade determine the economic developments. For example, Turkey is not trading with Armenia right now. Political issues do not allow that. So their customs gates are closed and there is no trade or any relationship between Turkey and Armenia. There are four corporate social responsibilities; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Human Rights Principle 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights; and Principle 2:make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/TheTenprinciples/index.html) For example, 10 workers who lost their lives because of falling from scaffolding construction which is running from Torunlar GYO in MecidiyekÃÆ' ¶y,ÃÆ'„ °stanbul as a result of violation of human rights. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Labour Principle 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; Principle 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour; Principle 5: the effective abolition of child labour; and Principle 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ (https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/TheTenprinciples/index.html) For example, In Turkey, Soma Maden ÃÆ'„ °ÃƒÆ'†¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸letmeciliÃÆ'„Å ¸i did not improve labor conditons and it did not care human rights. Therefore 301 mine labors died. There was no life room and labors were not informed very well about their jobs. Soma Maden ÃÆ'„ °ÃƒÆ'†¦Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¸letmeciliÃÆ'„Å ¸ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s managers arrested by the government and its reputation decreased in business area. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Environment Principle 7: Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges; Principle 8: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and Principle 9: encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/TheTenprinciples/index.html) For example, Before 3 months, more than 1 million people with public pressure created by the campaign supported by the LEGO decided not to renew the agreement with Shell at the end of this period. Greenpeace 3 months ago, Shells Arctic as a call to global signature campaign to end its partnership with Lego because of the oil drilling. Greenpeace thought that they made the right decision in order to reach the LEGO and they need to find better partners to bring toys our children. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Anti-Corruption Principle 10: Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (https://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/TheTenprinciples/index.html) For example, Halk Bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s manager rank off by using his position then Halk Bank shareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s values decreased in Business Area and its relationship with other international banks broke down. ANSWER 4 Economic transition is a technique given name to the economies in transition from economy is controlled by the government (planned economy) to free economy. In short, the theory of the transition from socialism to capitalism. This discipline largely focuses on the transformation of the former socialist countries packages implemented by the government, a practical way how the transition to a market mechanism that focuses on the issues should be followed. Countries with economies in transition make the transition to an environment where free markets determine the price rather than a central organization in the process of economic liberalization. This process removes trade barriers, privatization of public institutions and organizations and is also made i n trade liberalization. Countries in transition can face several obstacles: First, is a lack of managerial expertise. Central planners had little need for management skills in areas such as strategy, production, distribution, or advertising. But the gap between managers from the former communist nations and Western nations is narrowing. Second, is a capital shortage. Transition is expensive and requires funding to develop a telecommunications and infrastructure system, to set up financial institutions, and to educate people in market economics. Third, are cultural changes. Transition causes cultural change and replaces dependence on the government with greater emphasis on individuals. Cuts are often needed in welfare, unemployment benefits, and guaranteed government jobs. Fourth, is environmental degradation. Economic and social policies of former communist governments were often disastrous for the natural environment. Russiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experience with communism began in 1917 and for 75 years the government controlled all aspects of the economy. Ordinary citizens have suffered during Russiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transition, although some Russians retained their jobs in newly privatized businesses. Several challenges lie ahead for Russia: First, managers must improve their skills in every facet of management practice. Second, political instability and nationalism need to be better controlled and the nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nuclear weapons need to be secured. Third, the imprisonment of some well-known business leaders means that distrust characterizes relations between the government and business. Some state-owned enterprise in China and converted into collective government that privatization of some state enterprises in future has made an explanation. Some state enterprises to be sold to employees by partially privatized and foreign businesses over about 300 domestic and foreign capital markets has been listed for sale. Russia is experiencing the collapse of output compared with output growth in China, the authors the difference in output performance due to the structural conditions that initial they argued with (Griffin, 1999:40). ANSWER 5 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Economist Michael Porter, a Harvard University professor and advisor for both the public and private sectors, first defined national competitive advantage (NCA) in his 1990 book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Competitive Advantage of Nations.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Also known as the Porter Competitive Advantage, NCA is basically an evaluation of how competitively a nation participates in international markets. Porter offers a diamond-shaped diagram to outline the framework of four key factors that can modify four ingredients to become more competitive. The four ingredients are the availability of resources, the information used in deciding which opportunities to pursue for the company, the goals of individuals in compani es, and the innovation and investment pressure on companies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (https://internationalrelationsonline.com/national-competitive-advantage-theory/) In 1930s, Eli Heckerscher and Bertil Ohlin developed Factor Proportions Theory based on countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s factors to address comparative advantage theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s deficiency. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory is called the theory because of the names of these economists. Factor Proportions Theory based on a simple and rational thought. Supported idea can be summarize in this theory that: according to Hecksher-Ohlin Theory a country which have rich factors of production, acquires comparative advantages in goods that production requires factors intensively, i.e. produce them more cheaply, and he specializes in the area. If a country is relatively more labor intensive in this country have the labor-intensive goods produced more cheaply. In countries with capital factors such as more i ntense than that of the capital-intensive goods should be produced cheaply. Factor Proportions Theory assumes that factors of production are homogeneous. A skill of workers actually varies between countries. Because everyone has received different training and has acquired different experiences. Exercises and training require capital expenses that have not capital criterion. If the theory of factor proportions remain valid if different groups of workers and take into account the capital investment made to educate these groups. For example, if a countrys export industries, such as scientists and engineers trained staff can say for developing countries exporting to these countries use their abundant factor of production. The exports of developing countries, unskilled workers are covered. These differences among workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s skills require more international specialization to produce specific good in different countries. For example, a company continued research work in co untries where the population is highly educated and management activities that can perform production activities in countries where there are unskilled and cheap labor. When the same product produced by different methods, such as labor-intensive or capital-intensive factor proportions analysis becomes more complex. For example, relatively low cost of labor in Canada is the Canadian wheat can produce more abundant capital with capital intensive method. By contrast, Indias cheap labor wheat production using fewer machines due to abundant labor intensive methods would prefer to perform with. As a result, comparing the cost of managers in each region, to minimize costs must determine the method of production.

Animals and Nature

On Hemingway’s Pessimism in a Farewell to Wars - 1017 Words

In China, much research word on Hemingway has been focusing on his anti-war attitude which is shown through his works and the manhood. However, not much attention has been paid to the tragic vision that Hemingway tries to show in A Farewell to Arms. In this thesis, I’m going to explore the tragic vision from the aspects of its contents and the techniques that Hemingway employs in A Farewell to Arms. Through careful investigation and sufficient illustration and analysis, I will conclude that Hemingway’s tragic vision pervades the whole novel both thematically and technically. Therefore, I shall illustrate this point of view from the following three aspects: the world tragic vision, the thematically unfolded tragic vision and the technically†¦show more content†¦He pointed out that the war could not lead to happiness for mankind, instead, made people extremely confused. Even if one of countries won the war, the price was just death and ruining. Therefore, we take self-examination to the war from the novel, and conclude that we need only peace, not only to establish a peaceful world, but also to keep it with efforts, since it is really difficult to obtain. A few weeks ago, I saw an item of pictures that showed some works of art made of weapons, which was very interesting. I suppose that these pictures are to stand for human being’s glorious wish for peace. Because it is quite precious to people all over world. Hemingway is famous for his â€Å"ice-berg† theory, he is entitled pretty high honor as the â€Å"mastery of the art of modern narration†.Hemingway’s sature as a writer was confirmed with the publication of A Farewell to Wars in 1929. The novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love. Hemingway had rejected the romantic ideal of the ultimate unity of lovers, suggesting instead that all relationship must end in death, which reflected extremely Hemingway’s tragic view to the world and the life. Through the study, we can make a clear realization that all above discussed, such as the theme, the analysis of the characters, the criticism to wars, etc, serve his pessimistic mind. At last we acquire some enlightens that we should love our life and cherish the existing peace. Of

Analysis Of Crips And The Bloods Essay - 1361 Words

In Crips and the Bloods we see multiple examples of labels continuing crime. First off, most of the children born in this area are black and poor. Already they are labeled and stereotyped as being dangerous to communities, useless to society, and destined for failure. One man says â€Å"I grew up in the hood, I was born in the hood, I was raised in the hood, and I’m going to die in the hood. I didn’t choose my destiny, my destination chose me† (Peralta, 2008). This phrase demonstrates the power of a label. He was born into a community of violence and gangs and there is no way for him to escape it. Because he was born into this particular setting, this man now considers himself a person from â€Å"the hood,† he behaves in ways that are congruent with society’s idea of what some from the â€Å"hood† would behave like. In order to uphold his label, the viewer notices that this man dresses and speaks in a manner that is consistent with the  "hood† label. Of course these things are not criminal, but this example demonstrates the unescapable power of a label. Perhaps a more frightening example, the boys in the gangs are harassed by the police. They are told that they are useless, hated, and inhuman. â€Å"Being fed a spoonful of hatred everyday† makes it hard not to start to believe these comments (Peralta, 2008). Once the individual begins to believe these comments, they begin to behave in ways to support these titles. This is how the young boys who vow to never participate in gang violence end upShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Crips And The Bloods Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe documentary Crips and the Bloods: Made in America tells the dramatic story of the perpetual gang violence that runs the streets of Los Angeles, California. Gaining an inside look at how and why this violence is continued, the video focuses on the individuals that are affected by the gangs. Families are torn apart due to endless murders, children are taught to hate and act violently towards their neighbors, and people lose their soul to the gangs that they call their families. Of course everyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary Crips And Bloods 1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe documentary Crips and Bloods: Made in America (2008) focuses on conditions and causes of gang violence in Los Angeles, California, as well as the history and background of the main gangs that reside there. The information in the film is compiled from interviews of past and present members of the Crips and Bloods, which are the two main gangs that contribute to the violence in the area. The interviewees explain how the gangs work and the conditions under which these people live daily. There canRead MoreAnalysis Of Stacy Peralta s Film, Lords Of Dogtown And Z Boys And Crips And Bloods1395 Words   |  6 Pagesdirector for the latter. For my final essay, I chose to explore Stacy Peralta’s approach to documentary filmmaking/directing. In his career, Peralta has worked on many films, but for my paper, I am going to focus on two: Dogtown and Z-Boys and Crips a nd Bloods: Made in America. The first Stacy Peralta directed film that I have ever seen was Dogtown and Z-Boys. Initially, I was looking for Lords of Dogtown and when I mistakenly came across Dogtown and Z-Boys, I was disappointed because it was not whatRead MoreEssay On Gangs890 Words   |  4 Pagesother set or killing regular civilians. Some of the gangs involved in murder are bloods, crips, black p stone, tiny rascals,hells angels, and latin kings and are all gangs in America. Bloods is a name of a gang in America, originally founded by Ronald Herron and Sylvester Scott, also known as black disciples have committed plenty of crimes. Crimes such as robbery, drug trafficking, prostitution, kidnapping, and murder. Bloods wear the color red, red is the initial color that represents them. They go byRead MoreGangs Of Gangs1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthings such as, clothing and tattoos. The well known gangs around the nation are the Bloods and the Crips. The Bloods can be identified by the color red that they wear and also by the way they wear their clothes. They also can be identified by tattoos and other markings on their body. Graffiti is another way they can be identified since may gangs will tag a wall with markings that identify with their gang. Crips on the other hand wear blue to represent their gang. They often wear blue bandanas andRead MoreThe Two National Threats : Drugs And Gangs1838 Words   |  8 Pages Nathaniel Louis Rogers Assistant Professor Michelle Holcomb Analysis of Police Operations- CJ 3350 November 26,2014 The Two National Threats: Drugs and Gangs Nathaniel L. Rogers Assistant Professor Michelle Holcomb CJ 3350 Analysis of Police Operations 26 November 2014 The Two National Threats: Drugs and Gangs While conducting research on the different drugs and gangs in our country, and other countries around the world, I found out a lot of interesting facts. I found severalRead MoreCompulsory Rotatory Internship Programme ( Crip ) And The Preferred Post Graduate Specialities Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesLong working hours and stressful working environment along with the immense pressure of impending PG entrance exam hinder the affectivity of the Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP). Our study is an attempt to find the views regarding Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP) and the preferred post graduate specialities among interns from NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Nagpur. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted; the questionnaireRead MoreThe Shift of Culture in Compton and the Transcendent Cultural Effect it Formed in America972 Words   |  4 Pagesparents’ success, were now hanging their heads. By 1970 the Bloods and the Crips were created right outside of Compton. The â€Å"crack explosion† of the 1980’s only intensified crime, violence, and murder rates. From middle-class to neighborhood terror, the prosperity relinquished by African Americans in Compton had promptly crumbled right in front of everyone’s eyes. The issues created during this period still have an influence today; Bloods and Crips are still prevalent gangs in 2014. Compton was dangerousRead MoreInfluence Of Gangs On Adolescents2333 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent films, Crips and Bloods, A Better Life, and Gran Torino. The films each explore the social settings of three distinct minority groups; the paper notes and describes several similarities among the groups. These include widespread poverty, discrimination from the dominant social order, and the lack of availability of normal social opportunities. The General Theory of Crime is examined and used to explain why these minority adolescents act out the way they do. This analysis is an attempt toRead MoreThe War On Drugs Is A New Form Of Jim Crow870 Words   |  4 Pagesand were the new form of protection but proliferated many neighborhoods beyond belief (Canada). Disputes between gang members such the Bloods and Crips heightened violence, which spewed over into white neighborhoods. Author Canada dispels the myths that violence is unique to a particular group; violence should be looked a t a historical perspective. His analysis shows violence has hasten to progress from fist fights, stick fights, and stabbings have lead to 9 millimeter, 44 magnum and .38 caliber

Organizational Effectiveness Implementing Change and Management

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Effectiveness for Implementing Change and Management. Answer: Introduction: The term Organizational Effectiveness is indicative of the concept of how an organization is effective to achieve the results a corporation needs to produce. Organizational effectiveness determines the performance of an organization and traces the reason of the corporations progress accounting in changes and time (Daft 2012). Organizational effectiveness is important for a company for the concept enhances the capability building, involves strategies for higher adoption of the workplace environment. Therefore, Organizational effectiveness analyses the intensity of organizational learning and further encourages the progress of the organizational culture. Groups of organizational effectiveness concern themselves with the ideas of talent management, the working structure and design of the organization, implementing change and management, and the development of leadership skills (Cummings and Worley 2014). Organizational Effectiveness however remains an important key factor when it comes to the discussion of team effectiveness. Teamwork has always been an important factor in establishing productivity and progress of an organization. Moreover, it is an important duty of a manager to identify and choose the blend and skill of an employee. In the long-run a performing team incorporated with employees with the right blend of qualities proves to be fruitful for an organization in terms of growth and productivity. The following essay, in a systematic manner analyses the key concepts of organizational effectiveness attempts to trace the importance of effectiveness of teamwork in deciding the organizational effectiveness for the organization and thus traces the answer of the question is establishing teamwork difficult for the organization. Organizational Effectiveness: Definition: Organizational Effectiveness, as Kim Cameron mentions is more of a construct than a theory, grounded in the values and of the evaluators (Fullan 2014). Scholars have often been in separate opinions when asked to define Organizational Effectiveness. Major opinion however, goes with the outcome of accountability though there have been conflicts (Harper 2015). Therefore, no concrete definition of Organizational Effectiveness can be generated. To create an idea of what organizational effectiveness is, it is as Francis,Holbeche and Reddington mentions, Organizational Effectiveness takes as its desired end point sustainable, self-renewing outcomes. This requires a shift in mindset and practice with respect to organizational change, towards one based on authentic mutuality (Miner 2015). However, Organizational effectiveness has been split in several models; different models indicate to the conceptualization of different organizations, as they have worked on the organizational effectiveness. However, organizational effectiveness is judged by different key factors in several organizations like customer service and performance results, management of human resources, a well-structured leadership quality of the organization and most importantly effective team management (Cummings and Worley 2014). However, it is the human resources and the management of effective teamwork qualities and team managing skill that benchmarks the Effectiveness for an organization. Importance Themes Deciding the Organizational Effectiveness: Effectiveness of teamwork influences greatly the effectiveness of an organization. However, the organizational effectiveness gets analyzed and judged by several other deciding factors that influences the effectiveness of teamwork as well as the organization. The followings are some of the important themes in deciding the effectiveness of teamwork, therefore, an organization: Customer Service and Performance: The importance of customer service and performance of the teams varies in several organizations leading to varying results. However, organizational effectiveness gets greatly influenced in an organizations ability t successfully and skillfully interacting with and dealing with the customer. Such positive interactions with the customers not only help retaining the customer base but also increase the positive impression of the organization leading to an increasing organizational effectiveness. However, it is important on the part of an organization to keep experienced and skillful teams to attain the customers but at the same time, the organization needs to keep up a good working experience with the employees. From this perspective customer service acts as an important agent in escalating the organizational effectiveness. For example, Kenya power, a state corporation organization of power supply enjoys a huge customer network, for their attaining of the customer base and a good performance in distribution of the power. As a result, many customers are connecting with the organization everyday leading to a rapid growth of the organization (Organizational Effectiveness) over the years and thus able to meet the expectation of the increasing customer base (Emis.com 2016). However, it was important on the part of Kenya power as well to involve the employees with the correct managerial skill and correct mix of the qualities, knowledge and skills. Organizational Structure: Organizational Structure is an important theme in dictating and leading the effectiveness of an organization. A company can follow several organizational structures and depending on the structures the effectiveness are subjected to change. Companies my increase their effectiveness by using more than one organizational structure or they might movie from one structure to another to calculate the maximum effectiveness of a particular structure. However, thus the effectiveness of a large, medium and small company differs from watch other in organizational effectiveness for the size of the organization can determine the organizational effectiveness. Nevertheless, the fact is not always true. A large company might follow a complex organizational structure with multiple managerial levels therefore decision-making is delayed. Such delay decreases effectiveness. A small company on the other hand follows a simple organizational structure. Therefore, the flat structure often proves to be effect ive in tasks and projects or increasing effectiveness of the organization (Pinder 2014). Google itself is a great example of the importance of organizational structure in the example of effectiveness of the organization. Google accepts a flexible work culture and organizational structure and emphasizes social link within the organization. True to the theory of the relation between the organizational structure and organizational effectiveness, Google in present time continues to progress. Despite being, a large company the simple (flat) organizational structure helps Google to make a strong alignment between the firm's organizational structure and effectiveness (Smithson 2015). Effective Leadership Skill: Leadership or the managerial quality of an organization plays huge role in expanding the organization's effectiveness. To comment on the theme of the essay, it is indeed important to choose for a company the right employees for the proper segment. The employees need to be the perfect blend of know, edge and skill which qualities they will use handling the problems which might come to them in the course of time. However, leadership skill is important in organizational effectiveness from the perspective that it is the manager /leader who chooses the employees and allocate them to the proper segments of work. The leadership quality in an organization is such a quality that organizes, leads and monitors the employees to the productive direction which if improper may adverse impact on the effectiveness of the organization. The Southwest Airlines makes a good example of the leadership quality in handling the 9/11 terrorist attack. The attack forced the airways to suspend their journey midway for 2 days while the nation recovers from the attacks. The company, instead of sitting and waiting in a foreign country, encouraged the employees to take the passengers to the movies or entertainment programs to spend the time. Moreover, the CEO James Parker announced that they believe the company has been on sound principles for thirty years; they are therefore capable of handling crisis better than any other airways (buffaloNews.com 2016). Human Resources: Human resources are the most important part in the increasing of the effectiveness of an organization. The employees count to be the prized possession of an organization, in terms of intellect, support or physical labor. The greater a human resource of an organization, the more there are increasing chances of the effectiveness of an organization. However, it is important for the organization to retain the resource of its own at the same time value and use the resource to increase the effectiveness of the organization (Pindar 2014). Managers Role in Establishing Teamwork: It is the manager however, on whom the main responsibility has been imposed to establish the effectiveness of the organization and at the same time manage the teams successfully. On the other hand, if a policy fails the responsibility is posed on the managers themselves. Therefore, a manager needs to be extensively analyzing and minute in identifying the right blend of knowledge and skill in an employee to put them in the work. However, it is the responsibility o the manager himself to establish and guide the employees for a successful teamwork through the five stages of team development; forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. The stages in a systematic way help the managers to establish an effective teamwork leading to increase an effectiveness of the organization. A manager needs to create a purpose for the teams and lead the members towards the goal at the same time retaining team membership (forming), he needs to manage the employees and the expectation of the organization towards the teams and their roles in fulfilling the tasks (storming). A manager needs to manage a friendly relation between the members of the team and re-establish the work culture of the team so that the performance does not reach stagnation (Norming), he needs to keep an attentive eye on the performance of e every team member and the effectiveness and predictability of the company (performing). Most importantly manages the uncertainty and confusion of the employees to ensure a productive atmosphere of the workplace which in the long run will increase an effectiveness of productivity of the organization (West 2012). Is Establishing Teamwork Difficult in Organizations? Establishing teamwork in the framework of an organization is not only difficult but also crucial in the effectiveness of the organization. Since organizational effectiveness does not contain a strict definition, it encompasses every aspect of an organization in it; from organizational culture to organizational success, everything deals with and influences the effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, to keep up with the increasing of the company, the organization needs to appoint the right employees to the right segments. The abilities of an employee results in the productivity of a company but the employees must be the right employees for the right work. Thus it becomes important on the managers part to be careful as well as attentive while deciding the employees. An employee must possess the quality of knowledge and skill, it is difficult to identify the right employee for a work for the manager must identify the right blend in the interviewed through his experience. As it is the skillful expertise of the employees that determined the extent and duration of the effectiveness of the organization, while choosing the employees the company needs to be very attentive. To create an effective teamwork, an organization must identify a few distinct characteristics within the teams. An effective team needs to work together taking a unanimous responsibility to complete assigned tasks teamwork can be various: problem-solving teamwork, customer handling teamwork virtual teamwork etc. what is the key difficult point for the company in creating an effective teamwork is to identify the people to put in a team with. cross cultural difference, ethical and demographical difference hinders in the way of creating an effective team. However, it is more effective f or an organization to identify the capabilities of the employees and rope them in their organizational behavior through the organizational culture. Conclusion: However to conclude it must be said that on the progress of an organization, organizational effectiveness plays an important role. Organizational effective in the course of the progress is dealt with and judged by several issues and factors of which teamwork plays the lad role. However, it is important on the part of the managers to bring out the effectiveness of the teams by appointing the right employees to the right team. This acts as an important factor in deciding the effectiveness for an organization. For the employees are counted to be the prized possession of an organization. Therefore, to judge the effectiveness of an organization it is important to analyze the effectiveness of the team first in the workplace. Reference: Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Daft, R., 2012.Organization theory and design. Nelson Education. Emis.com. (2016).The Kenya Power And Lighting Company Limited Company Profile | EMIS. [online] Available at: https://www.emis.com/php/company-profile/KE/The_Kenya_Power_And_Lighting_Company_Limited_en_2036990.html [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Forbes.com. (2016).Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/edwardlawler/2014/02/11/hr-should-own-organizational-effectiveness/#194bcae97074 [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Fullan, M., 2014.Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Harper, C., 2015.Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. PaunoviĆ¡, B., 2012. The role of corporate entrepreneurship in solving the competitiveness crisis of large companies.Ekonomika preduzeĆ¡a,60(7-8), pp.343-354. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M.G. and Macey, W.H., 2013. Organizational climate and culture.Annual review of psychology,64, pp.361-388. SEO, M.G., Taylor, M.S., Hill, N.S., Zhang, X., Tesluk, P.E. and Lorinkova, N.M., 2012. The role of affect and leadership during organizational change.Personnel Psychology,65(1), pp.121-165. Smithson, N. (2015).Googles Organizational Structure Organizational Culture - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/google-organizational-structure-organizational-culture [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. West, M.A., 2012.Effective teamwork: Practical lessons from organizational research. John Wiley Sons. www.buffaloNews.com. (2016).Ex-Southwest Airlines CEO offers lessons in leadership from post-9/11 crisis - The Buffalo News. [online] Available at: https://www.buffalonews.com/business/ex-southwest-airlines-ceo-offers-lessons-in-leadership-from-post-911-crisis-20140519 [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016].

The Absurdity in Waiting for Godot free essay sample

In Waiting for Godot, Beckett often focused on the idea of the suffering of being. Most of the play deals with the fact that Estragon and Vladimir are waiting for something to relieve them from their boredom. Godot can be understood as one of the many things in life that people wait for. Waiting for Godot is part of the ‘Theater of the Absurd’. This implies that it is meant to be irrational and meaningless. Absurd theater does not have the concepts of drama, chronological plot, logical language, themes, and recognizable settings. There is also a split between the intellect and the body within the work. Vladimir represents the intellect and Estragon the body, both cannot exist without the other. In the beginning we are thrown into the absurd situation/conversation in which Vladimir and Estragon are in. We as readers have no idea how long they have been there or waiting already before we start reading. We will write a custom essay sample on The Absurdity in Waiting for Godot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the middle of the play the conversations are repeated over and over and nothing really makes sense. The ending is not clear in the play, it technically does not end however, it leaves the reader to wonder is that because the writer stopped writing. They say they are going to leave but they never actually do. Readers are left to wonder how long they actually wait and if Godot finally makes his way to see Vladimir and Estragon to discuss whatever they had planned to discuss. The theme as well as the plot shows an uncertain set up of events, however there is no true beginning, middle, or end forming a circular pattern which can be found in our everyday lives. Even the characters lack detailed information drawing the reader to question why and realize the absurdity. The Theatre of the Absurd strives to express its sense of the senslessness of the human condition and the inadequacy of the rational approach by the open abandonment of rational devices and discursive thought. (Esslin, 24). This quote by Esslin points out that we as humans can be irrational an/or fall into a routine in our lives that we may get stuck in and not even know it. Vladamir and Estragon themselves are stuck in the circle rotation of life. They used to go plac es and do fun things together like Vladamir states: Hand in hand from the top of the Eiffel Tower, among the first. We were respectable in those days. Now its too late. They wouldnt even let us up. (Estragon tears at his boot. ) What are you doing? He is recalling the past where he and Estragon have been to Paris and had a fun time and thinking that now that they are stuck in their rut waiting for Godot they may never make it back there again, and even if they did Vladamir says that they would no longer be respected or allowed up to the top. Life has passed them by and they have wasted precious time waiting for Godot who may or may not show up.